************************************************************************** Eclipse Simulation Software EmapWin.EXE Document ************************************************************************** EmapWin Ver. 3.80 2023. Aug. 7 Copyright (C) 2000-2023 Shinobu Takesako takesako@mrj.biglobe.ne.jp http://www.kotenmon.com 1. General The Emapwin Eclipse simulation software has the following main features. 1) Display of the Eclipse Map The Emapwin calculates draw the following lines on the map. 1) Curve of the central line of the umbra 2) Curve of the northern and southern limit of the umbra 3) Curve of the northern and southern limit of the penumbra 4) Curve of the rising and setting 5) Curve of the maximum eclipse at sunrise and sunset 6) Curve of the maximum eclipse 7) Curve of the equal magnitude The map can be magnified to display the detail of the eclipse. The several parameters such as saros number, time and place of the maximum Eclipse also indicated on the map. 2) Display of the table of the Central line The Emapwin makes a table indicates the northern, central and southern limit of the total or annular eclipse by the parameter of the longitude. So it is easy to draw the line on the map. 3) Display of the Local Circumstance The Emapwin calculate the local circumstance such as maximum magnitude, time , altitude of the sun and direction at the given place. The Emapwin also simulate and display the eclipse at the given place. 4) Display of the Sky at Max. Magnitude The Emapwin display the Sky view at maximum magnitude if that point is in the area of the total eclipse. 5) Moon Lim adjustment calculation The Emapwin calculates moon lib adjustment base on LRO/NASA satellite data. The Emapwin calculates based on the Bessel elements attached with the software. The Bessel elements for the eclipse from 12999BC to 16999AD is attached. The data format of the Bessel elements is same as the Bessel elements of "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200" by J. Meeus(1989,Willmann-Bell,Inc.). The Emapwin is based on the Gmap(Earth Globe draw software) made by Mr. C. Wakaura. 1.1 Development Software for Emapwin Software : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 OS : Windows10/64bit 1.2 Version up information 1.2.1 The improved point from the Version 3.70 to Version 3.80 1) Fixed incorrect display of year Until now, only the yyyymm.kml file was provided for the central line of the eclipse, but the yyyymm_earth.kml file will also be provided for the entire eclipse map for all eclipses. If you want to display the eclipse graph on the globe, please download and use [Google Earth Pro]. 2) Delta T value is revised The delat T (2023 to 2024) was revised based on current value. (https://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/deltat.preds) 2. Release files and Installation 2.1 Normal Release (emapwin_eng_3.80.zip) The following files are included in the emapwin_eng_3.80.zip file 1) README This file 2) EMAPWIN.EXE Executable file for Emapwin 3) EMAP.DOC Document file 4) EC****.PRN Bessel elements for each bicentennial 5) ECHEAD.PRN Header file for special file output 6) LOCATION.NEW Location data for the city 7) CIA's River/Coast line/data: *.cbd 8) globe04.dat 4minuts Earth elevation data sampled from GTOPO30 (180x15x360x15x2byte = 29.160MB) 9) color.txt Color palette data for earth globe map 10) LRO.dat Moon elevation data from LRO/NASA (180x16x360x16x2byte = 33.1776MB) 11) *.kml Example of kml file to be provided. The all files should be extracted to same directly, but "C" directory is not recommended. There are no other setting is necessary. The emapwin start up with colored map. If you feel slow, please check the [Blank Map] in the Display mode menu at menu bar. 3. How to use Emapwin 3.1 Startup The double click the EMAPWIN.EXE file on the explore. 3.2 Parameter Setting 3.2.1 Display Mode Menu 1)Display Area: The following setting can be made. - Display on the Globe - Display on the Asian Map - Display on the European Map - Display on the selected point Longitude of the Center(from -180 to 180 deg.) Latitude of the Center(from -90 to -90 deg.) Magnify If you want to display the Japan at center of the map. Longitude = 135 Latitude = 35 Magnify = 2 Options: - Display of Longitude and latitude line grid: The period is 15 deg. for log. and 10 deg. for lat. - Display Speed: The speed to draw the eclipse lines. The eclipse line is drew with this parameter as a point. - File Output: Output the eclipse centerline path and eclipse map in kml format. The file names are "YYYYMM.kml" and "YYYYMM_earth.kml". Especially if you want to display the eclipse graph on the globe, please download and use [Google Earth Pro]. GoogleEarth has low processing power. The recording interval is "Optimized with Google Map Pro. Attached files are the 2024 US eclipse files for reference." -Delta T adjustment: The delta T can be adjusted by using this parameter. 2)Display of the Northern & southern limit and central line Start Longitude: 90 deg West is -90. Step : degree The Emapwin display 13 points of calculation from the start longitude with steps. This function does not support the special eclipse such as two central points at same longitude. 3)Display of the Local circumstance The Emapwin display the time of the start, maximum and end of the eclipse at specific place. The some historical sites are already registered in LOCATION.NEW file. The city which is registered in this file can be selected by the pull down. The Pm is the angle between the line from the center of the sun to the moon and line to from the center of the sun to the north measured clockwise from the north. The Z is the angle between the line from the center of the sun to the zenith and line from the center of the sun to the center of the moon measured clockwise from the zenith line. The AZ is the azimuth angle from the north to the center of the sun measured clockwise from the north. 3.2.2 Search Mode Menu 1) All : No Search Filter 2) Eclipse Type : To be searched with following filter. 1. Partial Eclipse 2. Central Total Eclipse 3. Central Annular Eclipse 4. Annular-Total Eclipse 5. Non Central-Total Eclipse 6. Non Central-Annular Eclipse 3) Site location and Magnitude: To be searched with site and magnitude. If the maximum magnitude of the eclipse at selected site is more than selected value and altitude of the sun is is more than -15 degree, the eclipse will be displayed. 4) Saros number: To be searched with Saros number. If the saros number of the eclipse is same as selected value within 400 years from the start year, the eclipse will be displayed. The appearence times of Saros number before -300 is counted from year -13000. 3.3 Time Set Menu 1) Year: Set the year which star the search. The years before 1AD, please set as follows. BC1 = 0 BC2 = -1 BC100 = -99 2) Month: Set the month which start the search. 3.4 Tool Bar The following functions are currently supported. 1)"Previous Eclipse": The previous eclipse to be shown with filter. The period to be searched is as follows. No filter : 2 years (fix) Eclipse type : 20 years (default) Site and Magnitude: 50 years (default) Saros : 20 years (fix) 2)"Next Eclipse": The next eclipse to be shown with filter. The eclipse will be searched with the condition set in the search mode menu. 3)"Eclipse List": The eclipses can be listed out by this function. The eclipse will be searched with the condition set in the search mode menu. The maximum number of the eclipse is first 100. The each eclipse on the list can be shown by the draw button. 4)"Magnify" : The map will be magnified with 1.41 times at Map magnify mode.(The left double click transfers to map magnify mode.) 5)"Reduction" : The map will be reduced with 1.41 times at Map magnify mode. 6)"Magnify mode release" : The map magnify mode will be released. 7)"Local Circumstance" : The local circumstance to be displayed. 8)"Return to Map mode" : The display to be returned to map from Central line or local circumstance display. 9)"Sky at Max. Magnitude":The Sky view at maximum magnitude will be displayed if that point is in the area of the total eclipse 10)"Moon Lib": The moon lib adjustment can be done within the Total eclipse area. 3.5 Mouse Click Function 1) Left click: Indicates location (log. /lat.) of the point. 2) Left double click: Display the map with clicked point as a center. 3) Right double click: Display the local circumstance with clicked point. 3.6 Earth Globe map display Emapwin display the nearest eclipse from that day. 3.7 Others 1) The local mean time(LMT) is calculated with (UT+site lon./15) 2) The local standard time(LST) is calculated with (UT+int(site lon./15+0.5)). Therefore it may differ the actual local time. 4. Calculation method and data 4.1 Bessel elements The Bessel elements is calculated based on the following method. Sun & Moon position : DE441 by JPL Ephemeredes Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974" Basic parameters for Bessel elements calculation ---------------------------------------------- Solar Parallax : 8.794144(sec) Solar semi-diameter at mean distance : 959.630 (sec) Earth's Equatorial radius : 6378.136 (km) 1 astronomical unit : 1.4959787066e8 (km) k1(Penumbra) : 0.2725076 k2(Umbra) : 0.2722810 The difference of the calculation results between the Emapwin and NASA is point few seconds for recent eclipses. 4.1 Explanation of the Bessel parameter in the "EC****.PRN" file. The detailed explanation will be find in the "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSE". 1)First line YEAR,MONTH,DAY :Date of the Maximum eclipse(TT:Terrestrial Time ) TYPE :Type of the eclipse. 1. Partial Eclipse 2. Central Total Eclipse 3. Central Annular Eclipse 4. Annular-Total Eclipse 5. Non Central-Total Eclipse 6. Non Central-Annular Eclipse MAG :Maximum magnitude of the partial eclipse. r(Gamma) :The minimum length between the center of the earth and center of the moon's shadow on the Bessel plane. If the minus the , the shadow pass the south of the center of the earth. JD :Julius Date of the Maximum eclipse (TT:Terrestrial Time). K :Number of the New moons from the Jan. 6th, 2000. SAROS :Saros Number The algorithms are based on the " V.D.BERGH「PERIODICITY AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSES」" and J.MEEUS「CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)」. T0 :The hour at t = 0 (TT:Terrestrial Time) at following equations. 2) Second Line X0,X1,X2,X3 : X elements, X = X0 + X1*t + X2*t*t + X3*t*t*t Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3 : Y elements, Y = Y0 + Y1*t + Y2*t*t + Y3*t*t*t D0,D1,D2 : D elements, D = D0 + D1*t + D2*t*t 3) Third Line M0,M1 : M elements, M = M0 + M1*t L10,L11,L12 : L1 elements, L1=L10 +L11*t +L12*t*t L20,L21,L22 : L2 elements, L2=L20 +L21*t +L22*t*t tanf1 : tan f1 tanf2 : tan f2 4.3 Calculation method for the eclipse lines The eclipse lines are calculated based on the following method. Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974" Reference : J.MEEUS "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200" 4.4 Calculation method for the local circumstances The local circumstances are calculated based on the following method. Calculation Method: J.MEEUS "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200" Reference : I. Hasegawa"Introduction of the astronomical Calculation" 4.5 Calculation method for Central line with parameter of longitude The Central line and northern/southern limit of total eclipse are Calculated based on the following method. Calculation Method: J.MEEUS "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200" 4.6 Delta T The delta used in the Emapwin is mainly based on the value introduced by F.R.STEPHENSON. 1) Before -800 The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from "HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2 year<-800 2)Between -720 and 2019 The Delta T is from table 5 of the "Addendum 2020 to Measurement of the Earth’s Rotation : 720 BC to AD 2015’The Supplement"(2021) by L. V. Morrison, M. Zawilski,C. Y. Hohenkerkand F. R. Stephenson 3) From -800 to -700 Interporation between 1) and 2) 4) From 2019 to 2100 Expected value considering recent trends. 4) from 2100 to 3350 The deltaT is calculated as follows.(Symmetry to year AD 1820) delatT(year)=deltaT(3640-year) - 100.0 (sec) 5) After 3350 The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from "HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2 year<-800 The modified vale is as follows. Year Ver.3.6 Ver.3.7 Difference ----- ------- ------- ------- -4000 108370.4 108370.4 0.0 -3500 90546.5 90546.5 0.0 -3000 74322.6 74322.6 0.0 -2500 59698.7 59698.7 0.0 -2000 46674.8 46674.8 0.0 -1800 41913.3 41913.3 0.0 -1600 37407.7 37407.7 0.0 -1400 33158.2 33158.2 0.0 -1200 29164.6 29164.6 0.0 -1000 25427.1 25427.1 0.0 -900 23654.3 23654.3 0.0 -800 21945.5 21944.4 -1.1 -700 20399.5 20049.6 -349.9 -600 18799.4 18468.0 -331.5 -500 17189.4 16939.1 -250.3 -400 15529.5 15473.3 -56.2 -300 14079.6 14080.9 1.3 -200 12789.6 12772.1 -17.5 -100 11639.6 11557.3 -82.4 0 10579.7 10440.9 -138.7 100 9599.7 9404.7 -195.0 200 8639.7 8424.4 -215.3 300 7679.7 7475.8 -203.9 400 6699.7 6534.8 -164.9 500 5709.7 5586.3 -123.4 600 4739.7 4651.3 -88.3 700 3809.7 3760.1 -49.6 800 2959.7 2942.8 -17.0 900 2199.8 2229.4 29.6 1000 1569.8 1650.2 80.4 1100 1089.9 1222.8 132.9 1200 739.9 914.5 174.6 1300 489.9 681.1 191.1 1400 320.0 482.2 162.3 1500 200.0 292.3 92.3 1600 120.0 109.1 -10.9 1700 9.0 14.1 5.1 1800 13.7 18.4 4.7 1900 -2.7 -2.0 0.7 2000 63.8 63.8 -0.0 2100 115.0 115.0 0.0 2200 211.0 306.5 95.5 2300 351.0 499.1 148.1 2400 553.0 714.7 161.7 2500 843.0 987.8 144.8 2600 1244.9 1362.1 117.2 2700 1784.9 1880.1 95.2 2800 2466.9 2543.4 76.5 2900 3262.8 3322.8 59.9 3000 4144.8 4188.0 43.2 3100 5090.8 5109.1 18.3 3200 6068.7 6055.8 -13.0 3300 6989.0 6999.9 10.9 3400 7968.2 7968.2 0.0 3500 9011.3 9011.3 0.0 3600 10118.5 10118.5 0.0 3700 11289.7 11289.7 0.0 3800 12524.8 12524.8 0.0 3900 13824.0 13824.0 0.0 4000 15187.1 15187.1 0.0 6) Delta T for Moon's position calculation Because the DE406/422/431/441 uses around -26"/cy2 tidal value, no adjustment is made. 4.7 Location data of the Ancient cities The following site data is registered in the attached "Location.new" file. The point will be indicated on the map at magnify mode. The some data is from the city location list in the P.V.NEUGEBAUER "ASTRONOMISCHE CHRONOLOGIE". CITY NEME Lon. Lat. --------- ----- ------ Japan ----- ASUKA 135.8 34.5 NARA 135.8 34.7 KYOUTO 135.73 34.98 KAMAKURA 139.57 35.32 TOKYO/EDO 139.75 35.65 YASU 130.5 33.5 Asia ---- QIFU 117.05 35.65 LUOYANG 112.4 34.8 XI'AN 108.9 34.3 BEIJING 116.4 39.9 NANJING 118.8 32.05 KYONGJU 129.2 35.8 JYOFURI 126.9 36.3 PYONGYANG 125.8 39.0 Europe/Africa/Middle east -------------------------- CARTHAGE 10.3 36.8 ROME 12.5 41.9 SYRACUSE 15.2 37.1 ATHENS 23.7 38.0 HELLESPONT 26.4 40.2 ALEXANDRIA 29.9 31.2 MEMPHIS 31.2 29.9 THEBES 32.6 25.7 JERUSALEM 35.2 31.8 UGARIT 35.78 35.62 NINEVEH 43.2 36.3 BAGDAD 44.4 33.3 BABYLON 44.5 32.5 UR 46.2 31.0 4.8 Biography The following books are the reference for making the Emapwin. Japanese -------- - Kuniji Saito "Kotenmongaku" 1989, Kouseisyakouseikaku "Kotenmongaku eno michi" 1990, Harachobou "Kotenmongaku no sannpomichi" 1992, kouseisyakouseikaku Other papers in "Kagakushikenkyuu" - Toshio Watanabe "Nihon-Chousen-Chugoku nissyoku-gessyoku-syokuhouten" 1979, Yuzannkaku "Synnjyu no nisyokku" 1958 Kouseisyakouseikaku - Kanda Shigeru "Nihontennmonshiryou" 1935, Kouseisya - Ichirou Hasegawa "Tenmonkeisan-nyuumon" 1986, Kouseisyakouseikaku - Mitsuru SOMA & others "Northen Limit of the Annual Solar Eclipse on 2012 May 21 in Japan",2012, web version (in Japanese) Overseas -------- - J.MEEUS "ASTRONOMICAL ALGORITHMS" 1991,Willmann-Bell,Inc. "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200" 1989,Willmann-Bell,Inc. "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)" 1966,PERGAMON PRESS. - H.MUCKE and J.MEEUS "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(-2003 to 2526)" 1992,2nd. Astronomisches Buro, Wien. - FREAD ESPENAK "FIFTY YEAR CANNON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1986-2035" 1987, NASA(SKY PUBLISHING CORPORATION). - M & J CHAPRONT "LUNAR TABLE AND PROGRAMS FROM 4000BC TO AD8000" 1991, Willmann-Bell,Inc. - US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS" 1974 - G.V.D.BERGH "PERIODICITY AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSES" 1955,Netherlands. - F.R.STEPHENSON AND M.A. HOULDEN「ATLAS OF HISTORICAL MAPS,EAST ASIA 1500BC-AD1900」1986, Cambridge University Press. - F.R.STEPHENSON "APPLICATION OF EARLY ASTRONOMICAL RECORDS" 1978, Oxford University Press. - F.R.STEPHENSON "HISTRICAL ECLIPSES AND EARTH'S ROTATION" 1997, Cambridge University Press. ・F.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES" JHA,xxxv(2004) ・F.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR ADDENDUM" JHA,xxxvi(2005) ・L. V. Morrison, M. Zawilski,C. Y. Hohenkerkand F. R. Stephenson 「Addendum 2020 to Measurement of the Earth’s Rotation 　: 720 BC to AD 2015’The Supplement」(2021) - T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON DER FINSTERNISSE" 1887, Wien. - T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON OF ECLIPSES" Reprint,1962,Dover Publication,Inc. - F.K.GINZEL "SPEZIELLER KANON DER SONNEN UND MONDFINSTERNISSE" 1899,Berlin MAYER & MULLER. - W.CHAUVENET "SPHERICAL AND PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY" 5th ed., J.B.LIPPINCOTT & CO. - F.R.STEPHENSON "THE EARLIEST KNOWN RECORD OF SOLAR ECLIPSE" NATURE,VOL228, 14 NOV. 1970 - J.F.A.SAWYER & F.R.STEPHENSON "A TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN OBSERVED IN ANCIENT UGARIT" BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES, VOL.XXXIII PART.3 1970 - T. DE JONG & W.H.VAN SOLDT "THE EARLIEST KNOWN SOLAR ECLIPSE RECODE REDATED" NATURE,VOL338, 16 MARCH 1989 - CHRISTOPHER B.F. WALKER "ECLIPSE SEEN AT ANCIENT UGARIT" NATURE,VOL338, 16 MARCH 1989 - K.M.BORKOWSKI "ELP2000-85 AND THE DYNAMICAL TIME - UNICERSAL TIME RELATION" ASTRON.ASTROPHYS. 205,L8-L10,1988 - JPL "THE JPL LUNAR AND PLANETARY EPHEMERIS CDROM" 1997, Willmann-Bell,Inc. 5. License agreement 1) LICENSE A non-exclusive license is granted to use the Software free of charge if your use of the Software is exclusively at home for non-commercial purposes. 2) DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY This software is provided on an "AS IS" basis, without warranty of any kind, including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Software is borne by you. Should the Software prove defective, you assume the entire cost of any service and repair. 3) TITLE Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in the Software shall remain in Shinobu Takesako except Earth elevation data(GTOPO30) , Moon elevation data(LRO/NASA) and the Geographical data supplied by Mr. Sheridan Williams. 6. Revision History of Emap/Emapwin October 18, 1992 : Emap(Dos) Ver. 1.0 Completed December 3, 1992 : Emap Ver. 2.01 released for public use April 8, 1996 : Emap Ver. 2.32 released for Freeware CD April 5, 1999 : Emapwin Ver. 0.1 Completed May 13, 1999 : Emapwin Ver. 1.01 Released (Japanese Version) May 20, 1999 : Emapwin Ver. 1.01 Released (English Version) February 14, 2000 : Emapwin Ver. 1.10 Released (Japanese Version) February 14, 2000 : Emapwin Ver. 1.10 Released (English Version) March 25, 2000 : Emapwin Ver. 1.11 Released (English Version) April 15, 2000 : Emapwin Ver. 1.21 Released (English Version) November 10, 2012 : Emapwin Ver 2.11 Release (English Version) - Addition of Contact time correction for moon limb November 17, 2012 : Emapwin Ver 2.12 Release (English Version) - Delta T is adjusted for DE422 June 8, 2013 : Emapwin Ver 2.13 Release (English Version) - Lim correction based on 1/16 deg file released by LRO project September 29, 2013 : Emapwin Ver 3.00 Release (English Version) - DE431 is supported(BC13000 to AD17000) - No minus saros number September 30, 2013 : Emapwin Ver 3.01 Release (English Version) - Bessel elements was corrected. June 1st, 2014 :Emapwin Ver. 3.10 Release (English Version) - Colored Map is supported based on GTOPO30 June 4, 2014 :Emapwin Ver. 3.11 Release (English Version) - Map Draw method for Colored Map is changed. March 21, 2015 :Emapwin Ver 3.20 (English Version) - Unique number Saros number are assigned.(-349 to +698) - Equation for Nutation, Precession and Sidereal Time were revised based on latest IAU definition. October 13, 2016 :Emapwin Ver 3.30 (English Version) - Date dispay(LST base) in Local Circumstance - Delta T value for future is revised (Current to AD3200) (Only exe. file was modfied.) December 15, 2018 :Emapwin Ver 3.40 (English Version) - The problem of NEXT/BACK function in Local Circumstance was fixed. - Delta T value for 2017-2020 are revised. (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.) August 1, 2022 :Emapwin Ver 3.50 (English Version) - Delta T value are revised. (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.) September 23, 2022 :Emapwin Ver 3.60 (English Version) -Bessel elements are caluculated based on DE441. December 14, 2022 :Emapwin Ver 3.70 (English Version) - Delta T value are revised. August 7, 2023 :Emapwin Ver 3.80 (English Version) - Provisionn of kml file for the eclipse map. - Delta T value (2023 to 2030)are revised. 7. Credit Thanks for 1)The Map drawing software original source is supplied by Mr. Chikara Wakaura. 8. Finally If you have a comment, please send me a mail. Thanks