************************************************************************** Lunar Eclipse Simulation Software LmapWin.EXE Document ************************************************************************** LmapWin Ver. 2.60 2022.12.14 Copyright (C) 1993-2022 Shinobu Takesako takesako@mrj.biglobe.ne.jp http://www.kotenmon.com 1. General The LmapWin Eclipse simulation software has the following main features. 1) Display of the Eclipse Map The LmapWin calculates and draw the Lunar Eclipse line on the map. The several parameters such as Saros number, time and place of the maximum Eclipse also indicated on the map. 2) Display of the Local Circumstance The LmapWin calculate the local circumstance such as maximum magnitude, time , altitude of the sun and direction at the given place. 3) Display of the Sky at Max. Magnitude The LmapWin display the Sky view at maximum magnitude. 1.2 Version up information 1.2.1 The improved point from the Version 2.50 to Version 2.60 1) Delta T value is revised The delat T was revised based on L. V. Morrison(2021) 2) Fixed incorrect display of year 2. Simulation period The LmapWin calculates based on the Bessel elements which is calculated from 13000BC to 16999AD based on JPL DE441. 3. Release files and Start up The following files are included in the LmapWin_eng_2.10.zip file 1) LmapWin.txt This file 2) LmapWin.exe Executable file for LmapWin 3) LmapWin.txt Document file 4) MC****.PRN Bessel elements for each bicentennial 5) location.new Location data for the city 6) ***_cil.cbd Cost line data The all files should extracted to same directly, but "C" directory is not recommended. There are no other setting is necessary. The double click the LmapWin.exe file on the explore to start LmapWin progrma. The LmapWin start up with ordinary map. If you check the [CIA MAP] in the Display mode menu, the map will be changed to more detailed CIA map. 4. Software to develop the LmapWin software Software : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 OS : Windows10/64bit 5. Operation 5.1 How to start up the LmapWin software The all files should extracted to same directly.( "C" directory is not recommended.) The double click the LmapWin.exe file on the explore to start LmapWin progrma. The LmapWin will display the nearest lunar eclipse. 5.2 Parameter Setting 5.2.1 Display Mode Menu 1)Display on the map Options: - Map selection: Ordinay Map or CIA detailed Mapt. - Display of the earth longitude and latitude grid - Delta T adjustment: The delta T can be adjusted by using this parameter. 2)Display of the Local circumstance The LmapWin display the time of the start, maximum and end of the eclipse at specific place. The some historical sites are already registered in location.new file. The city which is registered in this file can be selected by the pull down. The AZ is the azimuth angle from the north to the center of the sun measured clockwise from the north. 5.2.2 Search Mode Menu 1) All : No Search Filter 2) Eclipse Type : To be searched with following filter. 1. Total Eclipse 2. Partial Eclipse 3. Penumbra Eclipse 3) Site location and Magnitude: To be searched with site and magnitude. If the maximum magnitude of the eclipse at selected site is more than selected value and altitude of the sun is is more than -15 degree, the eclipse will be displayed. 4) Saros number: To be searched with Saros number. If the Saros number of the eclipse is same as selected value within 400 years from the start year, the eclipse will be displayed. The appearence times of Saros number before -300 is counted from year -13000. 5.2.3 Time Set Menu 1) Year: Set the year which star the search. The years before 1AD, please set as follows. BC1 = 0 BC2 = -1 BC100 = -99 2) Month: Set the month which start the search. 5.2.4 Tool Bar The following functions are currently supported. 1)"Previous Eclipse": The previous eclipse to be shown with filter. The period to be searched is as follows. No filter : 2 years (fix) Eclipse type : 20 years (default) Site and Magnitude: 50 years (default) Saros : 20 years (fix) 2)"Next Eclipse": The next eclipse to be shown with filter. The eclipse will be searched with the condition set in the search mode menu. 3)"Eclipse List": The eclipses can be listed out by this function. The eclipse will be searched with the condition set in the search mode menu. The maximum number of the eclipse is first 100. The each eclipse on the list can be shown by the draw button. 4)"Return to Map mode" : Map will be displayed. 5)"Local Circumstance" : The local circumstance to be displayed. 6)"Lunar eclipse simulation" : The simulation of the eclipse to be displayed. 7)"Sky at Max. Magnitude":The Sky view at maximum magnitude will be displayed 5.3 Mouse Click Function on the map mode 1) Left click: Indicates location (log. /lat.) of the point. 2) Right double click: Display the local circumstance with clicked point. 5.4 Others 1) The local mean time(LMT) is calculated with (UT+site lon./15) 2) The local standard time(LST) is calculated with (UT+int(site lon./15+0.5)). It may differ from the actual local time. 6. Calculation method and data 6.1 Bessel elements The Bessel elements is calculated based on the following method. Sun & Moon position : DE441 by JPL Ephemeredes Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974" Basic parameters for Bessel elements calculation ---------------------------------------------- Solar Parallax : 8.794144(sec) Solar semi-diameter at mean distance : 959.630 (sec) Earth's Equatorial radius : 6378.136 (km) 1 astronomical unit : 1.4959787066e8 (km) k1(Penumbra) : 0.2725076 k2(Umbra) : 0.2722810 6.2 Explanation of the Bessel parameter in the "MC****.PRN" file. The detailed explanation will be find in the "ELEMENTS OF LUNAR ECLIPSE". 1)First line YEAR,MONTH,DAY :Date of the Maximum eclipse(TT:Terrestrial Time) TYPE :Type of the eclipse. 1. Total Eclipse 2. Partial Eclipse 3. Penumbra Eclipse MAG1 :Maximum Penumbral magnitude. MAG2 :Maximum Umbral magnitude. r(Gamma) :The minimum length between the center of the earth and center of the moon's shadow on the Bessel plane. If the minus the , the shadow pass the south of the center of the earth. JD :Julius Date of the Maximum eclipse (TT:Terrestrial Time). K :Number of the Full moons from the Jan. 21th, 2000. Saros :Saros Number The algorithms are based on the " V.D.BERGH「PERIODICITY AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSES」" and J.MEEUS「CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)」. However minus Saros number is not used. T0 :The hour at t = 0 (TT:Terrestrial Time) at following equations. 2) Second Line X0,X1,X2,X3 : X elements, X = X0 + X1*t + X2*t*t + X3*t*t*t Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3 : Y elements, Y = Y0 + Y1*t + Y2*t*t + Y3*t*t*t M0,M1 : M elements, M = M0 + M1*t 3) Third Line L10,L11 : L1 elements, L1=L10 +L11*t L20,L21 : L2 elements, L2=L20 +L21*t L30,L31 : L3 elements, L3=L30 +L31*t RA0,RA1 : RA elements,RA=RA0 +RA1*t DEC0,DEC1 : DEC elemets,DEC=DEC0 +DEC1*t 6.3 Calculation method for the eclipse lines The eclipse lines are calculated based on the following method. Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974" 6.4 Delta T The delta used in the Emapwin is mainly based on the value introduced by F.R.STEPHENSON. 1) Before -800 The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from "HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2 year<-800 2)Between -720 and 2019 The Delta T is from table 5 of the "Addendum 2020 to Measurement of the Earth’s Rotation : 720 BC to AD 2015’The Supplement"(2021) by L. V. Morrison, M. Zawilski,C. Y. Hohenkerkand F. R. Stephenson 3) From -800 to -700 Interporation between 1) and 2) 4) From 2019 to 2100 Expected value considering recent trends. 4) from 2100 to 3350 The deltaT is calculated as follows.(Symmetry to year AD 1820) delatT(year)=deltaT(3640-year) - 100.0 (sec) 5) After 3350 The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from "HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2 year<-800 The modified vale is as follows. Year Ver.3.6 Ver.3.7 Difference ----- ------- ------- ------- -4000 108370.4 108370.4 0.0 -3500 90546.5 90546.5 0.0 -3000 74322.6 74322.6 0.0 -2500 59698.7 59698.7 0.0 -2000 46674.8 46674.8 0.0 -1800 41913.3 41913.3 0.0 -1600 37407.7 37407.7 0.0 -1400 33158.2 33158.2 0.0 -1200 29164.6 29164.6 0.0 -1000 25427.1 25427.1 0.0 -900 23654.3 23654.3 0.0 -800 21945.5 21944.4 -1.1 -700 20399.5 20049.6 -349.9 -600 18799.4 18468.0 -331.5 -500 17189.4 16939.1 -250.3 -400 15529.5 15473.3 -56.2 -300 14079.6 14080.9 1.3 -200 12789.6 12772.1 -17.5 -100 11639.6 11557.3 -82.4 0 10579.7 10440.9 -138.7 100 9599.7 9404.7 -195.0 200 8639.7 8424.4 -215.3 300 7679.7 7475.8 -203.9 400 6699.7 6534.8 -164.9 500 5709.7 5586.3 -123.4 600 4739.7 4651.3 -88.3 700 3809.7 3760.1 -49.6 800 2959.7 2942.8 -17.0 900 2199.8 2229.4 29.6 1000 1569.8 1650.2 80.4 1100 1089.9 1222.8 132.9 1200 739.9 914.5 174.6 1300 489.9 681.1 191.1 1400 320.0 482.2 162.3 1500 200.0 292.3 92.3 1600 120.0 109.1 -10.9 1700 9.0 14.1 5.1 1800 13.7 18.4 4.7 1900 -2.7 -2.0 0.7 2000 63.8 63.8 -0.0 2100 115.0 115.0 0.0 2200 211.0 306.5 95.5 2300 351.0 499.1 148.1 2400 553.0 714.7 161.7 2500 843.0 987.8 144.8 2600 1244.9 1362.1 117.2 2700 1784.9 1880.1 95.2 2800 2466.9 2543.4 76.5 2900 3262.8 3322.8 59.9 3000 4144.8 4188.0 43.2 3100 5090.8 5109.1 18.3 3200 6068.7 6055.8 -13.0 3300 6989.0 6999.9 10.9 3400 7968.2 7968.2 0.0 3500 9011.3 9011.3 0.0 3600 10118.5 10118.5 0.0 3700 11289.7 11289.7 0.0 3800 12524.8 12524.8 0.0 3900 13824.0 13824.0 0.0 4000 15187.1 15187.1 0.0 6) Delta T for Moon's position calculation Because the DE406/422/431/441 uses around -26"/cy2 tidal value, no adjustment is made. 6.7 Location data of the Ancient cities The following site data is registered in the attached "Location.new"file. The some data is from the city location list in the P.V.NEUGEBAUER "ASTRONOMISCHE CHRONOLOGIE". CITY NEME Lon. Lat. --------- ----- ------ Japan ----- ASUKA 135.8 34.5 NARA 135.8 34.7 KYOUTO 135.73 34.98 KAMAKURA 139.57 35.32 TOKYO/EDO 139.75 35.65 YASU 130.5 33.5 Asia ---- QIFU 117.05 35.65 LUOYANG 112.4 34.8 XI'AN 108.9 34.3 BEIJING 116.4 39.9 NANJING 118.8 32.05 KYONGJU 129.2 35.8 JYOFURI 126.9 36.3 PYONGYANG 125.8 39.0 Europe/Africa/Middle east -------------------------- CARTHAGE 10.3 36.8 ROME 12.5 41.9 SYRACUSE 15.2 37.1 ATHENS 23.7 38.0 HELLESPONT 26.4 40.2 ALEXANDRIA 29.9 31.2 MEMPHIS 31.2 29.9 THEBES 32.6 25.7 JERUSALEM 35.2 31.8 UGARIT 35.78 35.62 NINEVEH 43.2 36.3 BAGDAD 44.4 33.3 BABYLON 44.5 32.5 UR 46.2 31.0 7. Biography The following books are the reference for making the LmapWin. Japanese -------- - Kuniji Saito "Kotenmongaku" 1989, Kouseisyakouseikaku "Kotenmongaku eno michi" 1990, Harachobou "Kotenmongaku no sannpomichi" 1992, kouseisyakouseikaku Other papers in "Kagakushikenkyuu" - Toshio Watanabe "Nihon-Chousen-Chugoku nissyoku-gessyoku-syokuhouten" 1979, Yuzannkaku "Synnjyu no nisyokku" 1958 Kouseisyakouseikaku - Kanda Shigeru "Nihontennmonshiryou" 1935, Kouseisya - Ichirou Hasegawa "Tenmonkeisan-nyuumon" 1986, Kouseisyakouseikaku Overseas -------- - J.MEEUS "ASTRONOMICAL ALGORITHMS" 1991,Willmann-Bell,Inc. "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200"1989,Willmann-Bell,Inc "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)" 1966,PERGAMON PRESS. - H.MUCKE and J.MEEUS "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(-2003 to 2526)" 1992,2nd. Astronomisches Buro, Wien. "CANON OF LUNAR ECLIPSES(-2002 to 2526)" 1992,2nd. Astronomisches Buro, Wien. - FREAD ESPENAK "FIFTY YEAR CANNON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1986-2035" 1987, NASA(SKY PUBLISHING CORPORATION). "FIFTY YEAR CANNON OF LUNAR ECLIPSES:1986-2035" 1989, NASA(SKY PUBLISHING CORPORATION). - M & J CHAPRONT "LUNAR TABLE AND PROGRAMS FROM 4000BC TO AD8000" 1991, Willmann-Bell,Inc. - US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS" 1974 - G.V.D.BERGH "PERIODICITY AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSES" 1955,Netherlands. - F.R.STEPHENSON AND M.A. HOULDEN「ATLAS OF HISTORICAL MAPS,EAST ASIA 1500BC-AD1900」1986, Cambridge University Press. - F.R.STEPHENSON "APPLICATION OF EARLY ASTRONOMICAL RECORDS" 1978, Oxford University Press. - F.R.STEPHENSON "HISTRICAL ECLIPSES AND EARTH'S ROTATION" 1997, Cambridge University Press. ・F.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF ECLIPSES" JHA,xxxv(2004) ・F.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR ADDENDUM" JHA,xxxvi(2005) ・L. V. Morrison, M. Zawilski,C. Y. Hohenkerkand F. R. Stephenson 「Addendum 2020 to Measurement of the Earth’s Rotation 　: 720 BC to AD 2015’The Supplement」(2021) - T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON DER FINSTERNISSE" 1887, Wien. - T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON OF ECLIPSES" Reprint,1962,Dover Publication,Inc. - F.K.GINZEL "SPEZIELLER KANON DER SONNEN UND MONDFINSTERNISSE" 1899,Berlin MAYER & MULLER. - DE431 data(for Linux) ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/Linux/de431/lnxm13000p17000.431 8. License agreement 1) LICENSE A non-exclusive license is granted to use the Software free of charge if your use of the Software is exclusively at home for non-commercial purposes. 2) DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY This software is provided on an "AS IS" basis, without warranty of any kind, including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Software is borne by you. Should the Software prove defective, you assume the entire cost of any service and repair. 3) TITLE Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in the Software shall remain in Shinobu Takesako. 9. Release History of LmapWin Software May 10, 1993 : Lmap(Dos) Ver. 1.0 Released (Japanese Version) June 5, 2011 : LmapWin Ver. 1.0 Released (Japanese Version) - Bessel elements based on DE406 - Delta T is revised March 31,2014 : LmapWin Ver.2.0 Released (Japanese Version) -Covered from BC13000 to AD 16999 - Bessel elements based on DE431 - Delta T is revised April 6, 2014 : LmapWin Ver. 2.0 Release ( First English Version) March 21, 2015 : Lmapwin Ver. 2.10 Release (English Version) - Unique number Saros number are assigned.(-357 to +692) - Equation for Nutation, Precession and Sidereal Time were revised based on latest IAU definition. October 12, 2016 : Lmapwin Ver 2.20 (English Version) - Date dispay(LST base) in Local Circumstance - Delta T value for future is revised (Current to AD3200) (Only exe. file was modfied.) December 15, 2018 :Lmapwin Ver 2.30 (English Version) - The problem of NEXT/BACK function in Local Circumstance was fixed. - Delta T value for 2017-2020 are revised. (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.) August 1, 2022 :Lmapwin Ver 2.40 (English Version) - Delta T value are revised. (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.) September 23, 2022 :Lmapwin Ver 2.50 (English Version) -Bessel elements are caluculated based on DE441. December 14, 2022 :Emapwin Ver 2.60 (English Version) - Delta T value are revised. 10. Credit Thanks for 1)The Map drawing software original source is supplied by Mr. Chikara Wakaura. End