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         Lunar Eclipse Simulation Software  LmapWin.EXE  Document               
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                                      LmapWin  Ver. 2.40   2022.08.01
                                 Copyright (C) 1993-2022  Shinobu Takesako
                                                takesako@mrj.biglobe.ne.jp
                                                   http://www.kotenmon.com

1. General

The LmapWin Eclipse simulation software has the following main features.

1) Display of the Eclipse Map
  The LmapWin calculates and draw the Lunar Eclipse line on the map.
  The several parameters such as Saros number, time and place of the 
  maximum Eclipse also indicated on the map.
  
2) Display of the Local Circumstance
  The LmapWin calculate the local circumstance such as maximum magnitude,
  time , altitude of the sun and direction at the given place. 

3) Display of the Sky at Max. Magnitude
  The LmapWin display the Sky view at maximum magnitude.

1.2 Version up information

1.2.1 The improved point from the Version 2.30 to Version 2.40
  1) Delta T value is revised (upto big. of 2022)
     The delat T of the furure was revised based on current values.

2. Simulation period
 The LmapWin calculates based on the Bessel elements which is calculated
 from 13000BC to 169999AD based on JPL DE431.

3. Release files and Start up
 The following files are included in the LmapWin_eng_2.10.zip file
  1) LmapWin.txt    This file
  2) LmapWin.exe   Executable file for LmapWin
  3) LmapWin.txt    Document file
  4) MC****.PRN    Bessel elements for each bicentennial
  5) location.new    Location data for the city
  6) ***_cil.cbd       Cost line data
 
 The all files should extracted to same directly, but "C" directory is not recommended.
 There are no other setting is necessary.
 The double click the  LmapWin.exe file on the explore to start LmapWin progrma.
 The LmapWin start up with ordinary map. If you check the [CIA MAP] in the Display 
 mode menu, the map will be changed to more detailed CIA map.

4.  Software to develop the LmapWin software
    Software : Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 
    OS       : Windows10/64bit

5. Operation

5.1 How to start up the LmapWin software
 The all files should extracted to same directly.( "C" directory is not recommended.)
 The double click the  LmapWin.exe file on the explore to start LmapWin progrma.
 The LmapWin will display the nearest lunar eclipse.

5.2 Parameter Setting

5.2.1 Display Mode Menu
   1)Display on the map
      Options:
        - Map selection:
            Ordinay Map or CIA detailed Mapt.
        - Display of the earth longitude and latitude grid
        - Delta T adjustment:
            The delta T can be adjusted by using this parameter.
    
   2)Display of the Local circumstance
      
      The LmapWin display the time of the start, maximum and end of the 
      eclipse at specific place.
      The some historical sites are already registered in location.new file.
      The city which is registered in this file can be selected by the pull
      down.
       
      The AZ is the azimuth angle from the north to the center of the
      sun measured clockwise from the north.

5.2.2 Search Mode Menu

     1) All          : No Search Filter
     
     2) Eclipse Type : To be searched with following filter.
                  1. Total Eclipse 
                  2. Partial Eclipse
                  3. Penumbra Eclipse

     3) Site location and Magnitude: To be searched with site and magnitude.
                  If the maximum magnitude of the eclipse at selected site
                  is more than selected value and altitude of the sun is 
                  is more than -15 degree, the eclipse will be displayed.
     
     4) Saros number: To be searched with Saros number.
                   If the Saros number of the eclipse is same as selected
                   value within 400 years from the start year, the eclipse
                   will be displayed.
                    
                  The appearence times of Saros number before -300 is 
                   counted from year -13000.

5.2.3 Time Set Menu

     1) Year: Set the year which star the search.
              The years before 1AD, please set as follows.
                  BC1   =  0
                  BC2   = -1
                  BC100 = -99
                  
     2) Month: Set the month which start the search.

5.2.4 Tool Bar

     The following functions are currently supported.
     
     1)"Previous Eclipse": The previous eclipse to be shown with filter.
                       The period to be searched is as follows.
                       No filter        :  2 years (fix)
                       Eclipse type     : 20 years (default)
                       Site and Magnitude: 50 years (default)
                       Saros            : 20 years (fix)
     2)"Next Eclipse": The next eclipse to be shown with filter.
                       The eclipse will be searched with the condition
                       set in the search mode menu.
     3)"Eclipse List": The eclipses can be listed out by this function.
                       The eclipse will be searched with the condition
                       set in the search mode menu.
                       The maximum number of the eclipse is first 100.
                       The each eclipse on the list can be shown by the
                       draw button.
     4)"Return to Map mode" : Map will be displayed.
     5)"Local Circumstance" : The local circumstance to be displayed.
     6)"Lunar eclipse simulation"  : The simulation of the eclipse to be
                              displayed.
     7)"Sky at Max. Magnitude":The Sky view at maximum magnitude will 
                                be displayed 

5.3 Mouse Click Function on the map mode

     1) Left click: Indicates location (log. /lat.) of the point.
     2) Right double click: Display the local circumstance with clicked point.
    
5.4 Others

  1) The local mean time(LMT) is calculated with (UT+site lon./15)
  2) The local standard time(LST) is calculated with (UT+int(site lon./15+0.5)).
  It may differ from the actual local time.   

6. Calculation method and data

6.1 Bessel elements

    The Bessel elements is calculated based on the following method.
    Sun & Moon position : DE431 by JPL Ephemeredes 
    Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO 
                   THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974"

	Basic parameters for Bessel elements calculation
	----------------------------------------------
	Solar Parallax 				:     8.794144(sec)
	Solar semi-diameter at mean distance	:   959.630   (sec)
	Earth's Equatorial radius			:  6378.136   (km)
	1 astronomical unit			:     1.4959787066e8 (km)
	k1(Penumbra) 				:     0.2725076
	k2(Umbra)    				:     0.2722810

    
6.2 Explanation of the Bessel parameter in the "MC****.PRN" file.

 The detailed explanation will be find in the "ELEMENTS OF LUNAR ECLIPSE".

1)First line

YEAR,MONTH,DAY :Date of the Maximum eclipse(ET)

TYPE         :Type of the eclipse.
                  1. Total Eclipse 
                  2. Partial Eclipse
                  3. Penumbra Eclipse

MAG1            :Maximum Penumbral magnitude.

MAG2            :Maximum Umbral magnitude.

r(Gamma)   :The minimum length between the center of the earth and 
                center of the moon's shadow on the Bessel plane.
                If the minus the , the shadow pass the south of the
                center of the earth.

JD             :Julius Date of the Maximum eclipse (ET).

K              :Number of the Full moons from the Jan. 21th, 2000.

Saros      :Saros Number
                The algorithms are based on the " V.D.BERGHuPERIODICITY 
                AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSESv" and 
                J.MEEUSuCANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)v.
                However minus Saros number is not used.
   
T0             :The hour at t = 0 (ET) at following equations.


2) Second Line
X0,X1,X2,X3    :  X elements, X = X0 + X1*t + X2*t*t + X3*t*t*t
Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3    :  Y elements, Y = Y0 + Y1*t + Y2*t*t + Y3*t*t*t
M0,M1            :  M elements, M = M0 + M1*t

3) Third Line
L10,L11        : L1 elements, L1=L10 +L11*t
L20,L21        : L2 elements, L2=L20 +L21*t
L30,L31        : L3 elements, L3=L30 +L31*t
RA0,RA1       : RA elements,RA=RA0 +RA1*t
DEC0,DEC1   : DEC elemets,DEC=DEC0 +DEC1*t

6.3 Calculation method for the eclipse lines
    The eclipse lines are calculated based on the following method.
    Calculation Method:US NAVAL OBSERVATORY "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO 
                   THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS,1974"

6.4 Delta T
    The delta used in the LmapWin is mainly based on the value 
    introduced by F.R.STEPHENSON.

1) From year 1620 to 2010
   The Delta T is calculated based on the table in the "ASTRONOMICAL 
   ALMANAC".

2) Before year 1620

2-1)Between 1620 and -700
    The Delta T is from table 1 of the  "HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE 
   EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF 
   ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON.

2-2) Before -800
   The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from  "HISTORICAL 
   VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION 
   OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON

   delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2     year<-800

 2-3) From -800 to -700

   Interporation between 2-1) and 2-2)

3) from 2100 to 3205N (2022/08/01 revised)
   The deltaT is calculated as follows.(Symmetry to year AD 1830)

   delatT(year)=deltaT(3660-year) - 37.0  (sec)
   If year is AD2500, 
   delatT(2500)= deltaT( AD1160)-37.0 (sec)

4) From 2010 to 2100 (2016/10/12 revised)

 Base on the valiation from 1960s to current,
 the value is revised and forcasted.
 In case of ver. 3.5, value upto 2022 is mesured value.

 The modified vale is as follows.
-------------------------------
year  ver.2.4  ver.2.5 
-------------------------------
2010 	66.1 	66.1 
2011 	66.3 	66.3 
2012 	66.6 	66.6 
2013 	66.9 	66.9 
2014 	67.3 	67.3 
2015 	67.6 	67.6 
2016 	68.1 	68.1 
2017 	68.6 	68.6 
2018 	69.0 	69.0 
2019 	69.5 	69.2 
2020 	69.9 	69.4 
2021 	70.8 	69.4 
2022 	71.7 	69.3 
2023 	72.6 	69.3 
2024 	73.5 	69.5 
2025 	74.5 	69.8 
2026 	75.4 	70.0 
2027 	76.3 	70.3 
2028 	77.2 	70.5 
2029 	78.1 	70.8 
2030 	79.0 	71.0 
2040 	90.4 	74.3 
2050 	99.3 	78.3 
2060 	104.4 	83.3 
2070 	106.9 	90.1 
2080 	111.4 	98.3 
2090 	119.9 	106.8 
2100 	130.0 	115.0 
2200 	226.0 	211.0 
2300 	366.0 	351.0 
2400 	568.0 	553.0 
2500 	858.0 	843.0 
2600 	1259.9 	1244.9 
2700 	1799.9 	1784.9 
2800 	2481.9 	2466.9 
2900 	3277.9 	3262.9 
3000 	4159.8 	4144.8 
3100 	5105.8 	5090.8 
3200 	6073.9 	6068.7 
3300 	6989.0 	6989.0 


5) After 3205
   The Delta T is calculated by the following formula from  "HISTORICAL 
   VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION 
   OF ECLIPSES"(2004&5) by F.R.STEPHENSON

   delat T = -20+32 x ( (year-1820)/100)^2     year<-800

6) Delta T for Moon's position calculation
   Because the DE431 uses around -26"/cy2 tidal value, no adjustment is made.


6.7 Location data of the Ancient cities

The following site data is registered in the attached "Location.new"file.
The some data is from the city location list in the P.V.NEUGEBAUER
"ASTRONOMISCHE CHRONOLOGIE".

 CITY NEME           Lon.     Lat. 
 ---------          -----    ------

Japan
-----
ASUKA               	135.8    	34.5 
NARA                 	135.8    	34.7 
KYOUTO            	135.73   	34.98
KAMAKURA        	139.57   	35.32
TOKYO/EDO       	139.75   	35.65
YASU                 	130.5    	33.5 

Asia
----
QIFU                 	117.05  35.65
LUOYANG           112.4    34.8 
XI'AN                	108.9    34.3 
BEIJING             	116.4    39.9 
NANJING            	118.8    32.05
KYONGJU           	129.2    35.8 
JYOFURI            	126.9    36.3 
PYONGYANG     	125.8    39.0 

Europe/Africa/Middle east
--------------------------
CARTHAGE         	10.3    36.8 
ROME                 	12.5    41.9 
SYRACUSE          15.2    37.1 
ATHENS             	23.7    38.0 
HELLESPONT      	26.4    40.2 
ALEXANDRIA      	29.9    31.2 
MEMPHIS           	31.2    29.9 
THEBES              32.6    25.7 
JERUSALEM        	35.2    31.8 
UGARIT             	35.78   35.62
NINEVEH            	43.2    36.3 
BAGDAD            	44.4    33.3 
BABYLON           	44.5    32.5 
UR                    	46.2    31.0 

7. Biography

The following books are the reference for making the LmapWin. 

Japanese
--------
- Kuniji Saito "Kotenmongaku" 1989, Kouseisyakouseikaku
               "Kotenmongaku eno michi" 1990, Harachobou
               "Kotenmongaku no sannpomichi" 1992, kouseisyakouseikaku
               Other papers in "Kagakushikenkyuu"
- Toshio Watanabe "Nihon-Chousen-Chugoku nissyoku-gessyoku-syokuhouten"
                   1979, Yuzannkaku
                  "Synnjyu no nisyokku" 1958 Kouseisyakouseikaku
- Kanda Shigeru "Nihontennmonshiryou" 1935, Kouseisya
- Ichirou Hasegawa "Tenmonkeisan-nyuumon" 1986, Kouseisyakouseikaku

Overseas
--------
- J.MEEUS "ASTRONOMICAL ALGORITHMS" 1991,Willmann-Bell,Inc.
               "ELEMENTS OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1951-2200"1989,Willmann-Bell,Inc
               "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(1898-2510)" 1966,PERGAMON PRESS.
- H.MUCKE and J.MEEUS "CANON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES(-2003 to 2526)" 1992,2nd.
                         Astronomisches Buro, Wien.
                                     "CANON OF LUNAR ECLIPSES(-2002 to 2526)" 1992,2nd.
                         Astronomisches Buro, Wien.
- FREAD ESPENAK "FIFTY YEAR CANNON OF SOLAR ECLIPSES:1986-2035" 1987,
                    NASA(SKY PUBLISHING CORPORATION).
                           "FIFTY YEAR CANNON OF LUNAR ECLIPSES:1986-2035" 1989,
                    NASA(SKY PUBLISHING CORPORATION).
- M & J CHAPRONT "LUNAR TABLE AND PROGRAMS FROM 4000BC TO AD8000" 1991,
                    Willmann-Bell,Inc.
- US NAVAL OBSERVATORY
       "EXPLANATORY SUPPLEMENT TO THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS" 1974 
- G.V.D.BERGH "PERIODICITY AND VARIATION OF SOLAR(AND LUNAR) ECLIPSES"
         1955,Netherlands.
- F.R.STEPHENSON AND M.A. HOULDENuATLAS OF HISTORICAL MAPS,EAST ASIA 
         1500BC-AD1900v1986, Cambridge University Press.
- F.R.STEPHENSON "APPLICATION OF EARLY ASTRONOMICAL RECORDS" 1978,
         Oxford University Press.
- F.R.STEPHENSON "HISTRICAL ECLIPSES AND EARTH'S ROTATION" 1997,
         Cambridge University Press.
EF.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR 
         DELTA T AND THE CALCULATION OF  ECLIPSES" JHA,xxxv(2004)
EF.R.STEPHENSON"HISTORICAL VALUES OF THE EARTH'S CLOCK ERROR 
         ADDENDUM" JHA,xxxvi(2005)
- T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON DER FINSTERNISSE" 1887, Wien.
- T.R.OPPOLZER "CANON OF ECLIPSES" Reprint,1962,Dover Publication,Inc.
- F.K.GINZEL "SPEZIELLER KANON DER SONNEN UND MONDFINSTERNISSE"
         1899,Berlin MAYER & MULLER.
- DE431 data(for Linux)
ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/Linux/de431/lnxm13000p17000.431

8. License agreement

1) LICENSE
A non-exclusive license is granted to use the Software free of charge if 
your use of the Software is exclusively at home for non-commercial purposes. 

2) DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
This software is provided on an "AS IS" basis, without warranty of any kind,
including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for 
a particular purpose and non-infringement. The entire risk as to the quality 
and performance of the Software is borne by you. Should the Software prove 
defective, you assume the entire cost of any service and repair. 

3) TITLE
Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in the Software 
shall remain in Shinobu Takesako. 

9. Release History of LmapWin Software

  May    10, 1993   	:  Lmap(Dos)  Ver. 1.0 Released (Japanese Version)
  June     5, 2011    	:  LmapWin    Ver. 1.0 Released (Japanese Version)
                                         - Bessel elements based on DE406
                                         - Delta T is revised
  March  31,2014        :  LmapWin Ver.2.0 Released (Japanese Version)
                                         -Covered from BC13000 to AD 16999
                                         - Bessel elements based on DE431
                                         - Delta T is revised
  April    6, 2014    	:  LmapWin Ver. 2.0 Release ( First English  Version)
  March 21, 2015        :  Lmapwin Ver. 2.10 Release (English Version)
                           - Unique number Saros number are assigned.(-357 to +692) 
                           - Equation for Nutation, Precession and Sidereal Time were
                             revised based on latest IAU definition.

  October 12, 2016      :  Lmapwin Ver 2.20 (English Version)
                           - Date dispay(LST base) in Local Circumstance
                           - Delta T value for future is revised (Current to AD3200)
                           (Only exe. file was modfied.)

 December 15, 2018        :Lmapwin Ver 2.30 (English Version)
                           - The problem of NEXT/BACK function in Local Circumstance was fixed.
                           - Delta T value for 2017-2020 are revised. 
                           (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.)

 August 1, 2022           :Lmapwin Ver 2.40 (English Version)
                           - Delta T value are revised. 
                           (only Emapwin.exe file was modfied.)

10. Credit
   Thanks for
   1)The Map drawing software original source is supplied by Mr. Chikara Wakaura.

                                         End
