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[Introduction]
Moon’s path chart[格子月進図] is a star chart of Tuchimikado [土御門], and it is a copy
of the original drawing by Y. ABE [安倍泰世] around the first year of Bunpo[文保] (1317).
In addition, it is described as "moon grid figure" in the note of the book (1215) of the
transcription of the old document of the constellation "Sankebosan" [三家簿讃], and it
is said that the original drawing existed by this time. Moon’s path chart[格子月進図]
was discovered by Susumu Imoto during the 2nd world war, but it was destroyed by air
raids (1945) during the exhibition at Yurakucho Tonichi Kaikan[有楽町東日会館].
Luckily, there are still photos taken before the fire and a restored version of chart has
been published by E. Sasaki (1984). Moon’s path chart[格子月進図] consisted of a
circular diagram of the northern sky and a square diagram of the mid latitude. The
square star chart was drawn on a sheet of 1degree interval grid. The constellations were
drawn in three colors of yellow, red and black according to the three family’s
classification.The original chart of Moon's path chart was drawn
during period of Taizong(唐・大宗,AD626 to 649).Please refer to the following study
paper for the dating of old chinese star charts.
[Study papers]
Study for the Dating of the Old Chinese Star Charts
: The oldest star chart "Moon’s path chart in grid paper"[格子月進図] that
conveys the image of the constellation at the beginning of Tang[初唐]
(Thid document is English translation version from the paper isuued on November 2017
The star catalog of Moon's path chart ver.1.pdf
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Japanese version
[Dating the star catalog used for chart by least squares metnod]
As shown in its name, Moon's path chart has a 1 degree grid, so you can write the information of the star catalog as it is. In the calculation results of following Table, the residuals are also small. The estimated date of the observation of the star catalog is 417 ± 18 years [90% confidence interval] by the estimation of the 28 xiu star's Declination value. Since the star is drawn avoiding the line of xiu, the width of xiu is not a reading from the star map, but it is written outside the star chart frame. Estimated date by using 1346 mid latitude stars is AD397 ± 22.7 years. It also overlaps with the above estimates dates. Therefore, it is certain from the verification by this least square method that the original drawing of Moon's path chart was drawn by the star catalog observed around AD400.
The caluculation results by the least squares method
| 宿 | Xiu | HR | Name | Xiu Width
(Chinese) | Dec.
(Chinese) | Dec. | 1346
Stars |
| 角 | Jiao | 5056 | 67α Vir | 12.00 | 93.00 | -1.5 | - |
| 亢 | Kang | 5315 | 98κ Vir | 9.00 | 90.50 | 1.0 | - |
| 氐 | Di | 5531 | 9α2 Lib | 16.00 | 97.25 | -5.7 | - |
| 房 | Fang | 5944 | 6π Sco | 5.00 | 109.00 | -17.2 | - |
| 心 | Xin | 6084 | 20σ Sco | 5.00 | 110.00 | -18.2 | - |
| 尾 | Wei | 6247 | μ1 Sco | 18.00 | 123.00 | -31.0 | - |
| 箕 | Ji | 6746 | 10γ2 Sgr | 11.00 | 120.00 | -28.0 | - |
| 斗 | Dou | 7039 | 27φ Sgr | 26.00 | 117.00 | -25.1 | - |
| 牛 | Niu | 7776 | 9β Cap | 8.00 | 108.75 | -17.0 | - |
| 女 | Nu | 7950 | 2ε Aqr | 12.00 | 105.50 | -13.8 | - |
| 虚 | Xu | 8232 | 22β Aqr | 10.00 | 101.00 | -9.3 | - |
| 危 | Wei | 8414 | 34α Aqr | 17.00 | 98.50 | -6.9 | - |
| 室 | Shi | 8781 | 54α Peg | 16.00 | 83.25 | 8.1 | - |
| 壁 | Bi | 39 | 88γ Peg | 9.00 | 82.75 | 8.6 | - |
| 奎 | Kui | 215 | 34ζ And | 16.00 | 71.25 | 19.9 | - |
| 婁 | Lou | 553 | 6β Ari | 12.00 | 76.00 | 15.2 | - |
| 胃 | Wei | 801 | 35 Ari | 14.00 | 71.00 | 20.2 | - |
| 昴 | Mao | 1142 | 17(b) Tau | 11.00 | 72.00 | 19.2 | - |
| 畢 | Bi | 1409 | 74ε Tau | 16.00 | 75.00 | 16.2 | - |
| 觜 | Zui | 1876 | 37φ1 Ori | 1.00 | 83.00 | 8.4 | - |
| 参 | Shen | 1852 | 34δ Ori | 10.00 | 92.50 | -1.0 | - |
| 井 | Jing | 2286 | 13μ Gem | 33.00 | 68.00 | 23.1 | - |
| 鬼 | Gui | 3357 | 31θ Cnc | 3.00 | 67.00 | 24.1 | - |
| 柳 | Liu | 3410 | 4δ Hya | 15.00 | 81.00 | 10.3 | - |
| 星 | Xing | 3748 | 30α Hya | 7.00 | 95.00 | -3.4 | - |
| 張 | Zhang | 3903 | 39υ1 Hya | 19.00 | 100.75 | -9.1 | - |
| 翼 | Yi | 4287 | 7α Crt | 18.00 | 101.00 | -9.3 | - |
| 軫 | Zhen | 4662 | 4γ Crv | 17.00 | 98.00 | -6.4 | - |
| 中心年 | Year Center | - | - | AD464 | - | AD417 | AD397 |
| 偏差 | Deviation | - | - | 168.5 | - | 57.7 | 22.7 |
| 90%区間 | 90% Interval | - | - | 52.2 | - | 17.9 | - |
| 残差 | Residual error | - | - | 0.7592 | - | 1.207 | 3.1233 |
| 定数項 | Constant | - | - | - | - | -1.58 | -1.36 |
Note: Xiu width is Chinese degree (Total 366 degree, not 365.25degree) and Dec.is degree (max 183 degree) from the north pole.
[The Star chart display for Moon’s path chart and Kitora Astronomical Diagram]
Since the star map is displayed at first in reduced size, please click on the star chart with a mouse once.
[Photo copy of Moon's Path Chart]
Northen Sky
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Eastern Sky |
Western Sky |
[Magazine "Bessats Taiyou" 別冊 太陽 No.73(1991) page38-39]
[Restored Version(without Grid)]
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[From restored version of chart published by E. Sasaki (1984)]
2019/05/19:Relation chart and Star catalog are added.
2019/05/18:Release. |